SIPI

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Signal and power integrity calculators

Twelve calculatorsEach with its formula and limits

Quick answers to the arithmetic that comes up in every SI and PI design. Each calculator shows its inputs, its numbers and a live chart together, states the formula and its assumptions, and keeps the calculation in its link so you can share exactly what you saw.

Every result is checked against something the code does not compute itself — an analytical limit, a published value or an independently derived formula — and the page for each one says what it assumes. For the models behind the site’s instruments, see model assumptions; for longer explorations, the labs.

Signal integrity

Channels, edges, reflections and the eye.

  1. Bit Rate, Unit Interval and Nyquist Frequency Calculator What UI, Nyquist frequency and edge bandwidth does this data rate imply, NRZ or PAM4?
  2. Electrical Length and Critical Length Calculator Is this trace a lumped wire or a transmission line at this rise time?
  3. Microstrip and Stripline Impedance Calculator What impedance does this microstrip or stripline have, and what width gives 50 Ω?
  4. VSWR, Return Loss and Reflection Coefficient Calculator Convert between return loss, |Γ|, VSWR and the load that caused them.
  5. Via Stub Resonance Calculator Where does this via stub notch the channel, and does it clear Nyquist?
  6. PCB Channel Loss Budget Calculator How much does this channel lose at Nyquist, and what is the margin to the budget?
  7. BER, Q-Factor and Total Jitter Calculator How much total jitter does this RJ and DJ become at the target BER?

Power integrity

Rails, decoupling and the plane pair.

  1. PDN Target Impedance Calculator How low must this rail's impedance be for its ripple budget?
  2. LC and RLC Resonance Calculator Where does this LC resonate, how sharply, and where is a capacitor's self-resonance?
  3. Decoupling Capacitor Mounting Inductance Calculator How much inductance do the vias under a decoupling capacitor add?
  4. Power Plane Cavity Resonance Calculator At which frequencies does this plane pair resonate?

Conductors

What the copper does at frequency.

  1. Skin Depth and Surface Roughness Calculator How deep does current flow at this frequency, and how much does roughness add?